Introduction and analysis of relevant policies on sludge treatment in China

Source: http://www.chi-zong.com/

this paper sludge outlet of our country city sewage treatment plant, combining the sludge treatment technology and development trend of the current, and the relevant policy documents at home and abroad about industrial sludge treatment and disposal of sludge treatment, disposal costs, and related issues are discussed, and some suggestions were put forward.

One, foreword

According to statistics, as of 2008 3 at the end of the month, the country has 1320 city sewage treatment plant put into operation, processing capacity of 97250000 tons / day, sewage sludge yield according to 1.5t-DS/ t-, China's annual output of 5320000 tons of sludge dry weight, reduced moisture content 80% of the wet sludge is 26620000 t. Our country city sewage treatment plant sludge amount of annual emissions to an annual growth rate of more than 10%. The problem of environmental pollution of sludge produced have become increasingly prominent, has caused the potential safety hazard, great pressure on the environment and economic burden. China has invested a lot of money for research and development of treatment technology of sludge treatment, sludge treatment technology in field of processing has made certain achievements, but due to the lack of effective policies, many conversion rate of sludge treatment technology disposal and contribution rate is far lower than the developed countries, many high-tech actually become " stagnation technology ". Sludge treatment and disposal policy is not perfect and the disposal cost is really implemented, largely influenced the sludge is treated effectively, also will affect the whole sludge treatment and disposal industry development direction.

The relevant policies of two domestic sludge treatment, disposal

1, the sludge treatment and disposal of related policy

Different countries and regions because of their different geographical conditions and the state of the economy, policy and management, disposal of the sludge so is each are not identical, even countries with similar geographical environment, the strategy also has very big difference. The European Union as a whole on the sludge management is successful, the European Union in 1986 to develop the guiding principles of EU agricultural standard of sludge, sludge disposal to the relevant standards and specifications. In June 12, 1986, the EC by the European Parliament " environmental protection, especially the sludge agricultural land protection standards "; in 1992 the EU adopted the " law of EC city wastewater treatment ( 91/271/EC ) ", banned its members to the ocean dumping of sewage sludge. In 1999 the EU has promulgated the EU landfill directive ( European Landfill Directive ). The implementation of these documents the impact of the EU to the treatment and disposal of sludge in the very great degree, land utilization of sewage sludge in Europe is increasing, and the burning of relatively developed the EU also gradually increases, the proportion is on the increase. Because the relevant environmental policy as well as the shortage of landfill site and less land resources, the sludge landfill gradually decreased in the European union.

The United States Environmental Management by environmental laws and regulations, technology policy ( BAT ) and environmental standards of three parts. In the United States made a lot of sludge, sludge management policy and the regulation of the sludge management. Such as the United States of America in the December 31, 1991 ban sewage ocean disposal. At the beginning of 1989 the United States Environmental Protection Agency proposed sewage treatment plant sludge treatment and utilization of law, the law includes four kinds of treatment methods : land use, reclamation, surface treatment, incineration site. In 1993, the United States Environmental Protection Agency announced the 40 code of federal regulations Vol. 503 sewage sludge rules (PART 503 - STANDARDS FOR THE USE OR DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE SLUDGE ). That the United States national sewage sludge survey in 1996, the United States Environmental Protection Agency since the implementation of volume 503 rules reduce sludge, sludge metal content, improve the quality of sewage sludge is very significant, the average concentration of all metal sludge limit of lower quality, for the 63% ~ 94%. At the same time, sludge recycle ratio increased year by year, but due to the impact of environmental policy, the ratio of sludge landfill is gradually declining, in many parts of the United States have banned the sludge landfill. Incineration of sludge ratio remained at 22%.

Japan did not develop sludge treatment regulations alone, the relevant provisions of the sewage sludge application restrictions exist in soil, groundwater, landfill, fertilizer etc. in. For example, in the related laws and regulations of soil and groundwater, heavy metals in sludge and organic matter, the provisions of the 27 kinds of monitoring projects, to effectively control the pollution of sludge and the purpose of comprehensive utilization.

2, the domestic sludge treatment and disposal policy

At present, " gravity concentration and mechanical dehydration - Sinotrans landfill " is the sewage sludge treatment and Disposal Craft Factory is the most commonly used treatment in China, but there are many problems in operation. GB18918-2002 promulgated regulations of urban sewage treatment plant sludge must be stabilized treatment, sludge stabilization techniques are commonly used in anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion of sludge compost, alkali, stable and dry, every method has its advantages and disadvantages, process selection is often controversial. Look on the whole, our country sludge due to the policy is not perfect, the treatment and disposal in a disorderly groping stage, a large quantity of sludge dumps, landfills, resulting in surface water and groundwater pollution.

At present our country sludge standard is mainly used " control standards for pollutants in agricultural sludge " ( GB428484 ), and in 2002 promulgated the " urban sewage treatment plant pollutant discharge standard " ( GB18918-2002 ), which to our country sludge pollution control effect is still limited.

In order to effectively regulate the sludge market, in recent years the Ministry of construction have formulated and issued the sludge industry standards, such as: " sludge mud town sewage treatment plant " ( CJ247-2007 ), " urban sewage treatment plant sludge disposal classification " ( CJ/T239-2007 ), " urban sewage treatment plant sludge disposal landscape with mud " ( CJ248-2007 ), " urban sewage treatment plant sludge disposal landfill clay " ( CJ/T249-2007 ) " urban sewage treatment plant sludge disposal brick with mud" ( CJ/T289-2008 ), " factory separate incineration disposal of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment with mud" ( CJ/T290-2008 ), " urban sewage treatment plant sludge disposal land improvement with mud " ( CJ/T291-2008 ).

In addition, in February 18, 2009 the Ministry of construction, Ministry of environmental protection and the Ministry of science and technology jointly issued the " sludge treatment and disposal and pollution control technology policy of urban sewage treatment (for Trial Implementation ) ", the policy is not only the technical route of sludge treatment and disposal, and provides implementation of sludge disposal and comprehensive utilization in the premise of safety, environmental protection and economy, more noteworthy is the technology policy, the safeguard measures of sludge disposal and treatment.

The sludge policies to the sludge treatment and disposal has pointed out the direction of our country city sewage treatment, to a large extent will promote the development of sludge disposal in china.

Three, industrial sludge treatment, disposal costs

According to the previous data, developed countries such as the United States and European countries have accounted for 50%～treatment plant a total investment of the 70% sewage and sludge treatment in China investment accounted for only sewage treatment plant a total investment of 20 ~ 45%. According to the engineering experience, the sanitary landfill disposal process, sludge concentration and dehydration after digestion + + sanitary landfill, in the treatment of mixed sludge volume 10000m3/d, moisture content of 99% dry sludge solids processing calculation: the total cost of about 800 yuan /t, 1 t of sewage sludge treatment costs about 0.16 yuan, compared with the large domestic sewage treatment plant sewage treatment cost 0.3 ~ 0.45 yuan /t, accounting for about 35% ~ 50% of the cost of.

In addition, the sludge drying and incineration, the 1 t sewage sludge treatment cost is about 0.3 ~ 0.5 yuan. Compared with the cost of wastewater treatment in our collection, the current sewage treatment fees levied couldn't solve the problem of sludge treatment, disposal costs.

According to the " water pollution prevention and control law of the people's Republic of China " ( 1996 May) in the third chapter, the provisions of article nineteenth, provide service of sewage treatment of city sewage centralized treatment facilities according to the provisions of the state to the sewage, the sewage treatment fee charged. City centralized sewage treatment facilities of the sewage treatment fee, management and use of the specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council. Sewage treatment fee costs include: the cost of production, sewage treatment plant pipe network maintenance cost, pumping station upgrade cost, management fees and depreciation. In fact, in accordance with the requirements of the market economy, city sewage treatment plant sewage treatment fee should be cost factors of production the actual consumption sum. In the current regulations in China, these factors of production is mainly: agent fees, wages and welfare, repair maintenance costs, depreciation of fixed assets and amortization of intangible assets, and deferred the repayment of the loan and the management fee. But there is no clear sludge treatment, disposal fee. According to the actual situation of sewage sludge is a by-product of sewage treatment, sewage treatment should include the sludge treatment, disposal. At present, in the sewage fee collection and processing in our country is still not common, have been levied only 0.2 ~ 1 yuan / ton, and some did not in place, not only cannot compensate for sewage treatment project construction inputs, even can not guarantee normal operation of sewage treatment facilities.

Fortunately, in 2009 by the town sewage treatment plant sludge treatment and pollution control technology policy of the Ministry of construction, Ministry of environmental protection and the Ministry of science and technology jointly issued the " (for Trial Implementation ) " has been clearly the sewage treatment fee should include the sludge treatment and disposal costs. The first article "the local people's Government shall further improve the sewage treatment fee collection and management level, the sewage treatment fee should include the sludge treatment and disposal operating costs; through the sewage treatment fee, financial subsidies and other ways to implement the sludge treatment and disposal cost of sludge treatment and disposal facilities, ensure the normal and stable operation, " second rules " at all levels of government should increase the sludge treatment and disposal facilities construction funds, for inclusion in the sludge treatment and disposal technology and equipment to encourage the development of the country, to give financial and tax incentives in accordance with the regulations; establishing diversified investment and operation mechanism, encourage the adoption of franchising and other methods, to guide social capital to participate in sludge treatment and disposal facilities construction and operation. " The sludge treatment and disposal costs of security measures to ensure that the sludge treatment and disposal can be long-term, stable running in a large extent, ease the pressure on the environment brought about by the sludge treatment and disposal in china.

Four, how to effectively implement the disposal measures of sludge treatment

In 2009 by the Ministry of housing and urban-rural construction, Ministry of environmental protection and the Ministry of science and technology jointly issued the " urban sewage treatment plant sludge treatment and pollution control technology policy (for Trial Implementation ) " has been given the safeguard measures to clear sludge treatment and disposal, but really how to implement also need a set of effective means and ways.

Because the sludge treatment and disposal facilities required is expensive and the market mechanism is not mature, to rely on individual enterprises, investment also requires a process. At present, is more government involvement in the market of sludge treatment and disposal, to guide the treatment and disposal of sludge treatment and disposal, the best available technology and equipment by the State encourages and recommended sludge, to give preferential policies and financial and tax incentives.

In the sewage treatment fees levied sludge treatment cost is represent the general trend, it is the necessity of historical development, but for sludge treatment, disposal fees levied step by step. Because our country has just introduced to levy sewage treatment fees, and collect the existing sewage treatment cost is low, unable to ensure the normal operation of sewage treatment plant. Implementation of adding sludge treatment, disposal fees in sewage treatment fees will increase the social public economic burden to a certain extent. So the relevant departments should step by step in the collection of this part of the cost, give full consideration to the public, the actual capacity, reasonable fees, the insufficient part to be addressed by the relevant departments through a variety of channels.

To establish a diversified investment mechanism and franchising and so on many kinds of ways at the same time, should intensify the supervision of sludge disposal company, unit operation, and can not be simply pushed to the society, and the lack of sludge finally whether can safety, environmental management supervision.

Five, the conclusion

The construction of sewage treatment plant has been rapid development, the problem of water pollution has been effectively controlled, but the sludge problem has become highlighted, largely influenced by the water pollution control in China results, sludge become the normal operation of sewage treatment plants have no burden, less sewage treatment plant sludge problems because stop running threat. One can imagine, once the outage of sewage treatment plant, not only will cause a large amount of money wasted investment, but also will cause great pollution to the environment, the consequences be unbearable to contemplate. At present our country government departments issued relevant documents of a series of sludge treatment, which will largely promote the development of sludge disposal in China, we should really implement the relevant provisions, sludge treatment and disposal of the step by step, the overall consideration, a set of feasible operation mode, and gradually solve the pollution problem of sludge in china.

According to the sludge outlet of our country city sewage treatment plant, combining the sludge treatment technology and development trend of the current, and the relevant policy documents at home and abroad about industrial sludge treatment and disposal of sludge treatment, disposal costs, and related issues are discussed, and some suggestions were put forward.

One, foreword

According to statistics, as of 2008 3 at the end of the month, the country has 1320 city sewage treatment plant put into operation, processing capacity of 97250000 tons / day, sewage sludge yield according to 1.5t-DS/ t-, China's annual output of 5320000 tons of sludge dry weight, reduced moisture content 80% of the wet sludge is 26620000 t. Our country city sewage treatment plant sludge amount of annual emissions to an annual growth rate of more than 10%. The problem of environmental pollution of sludge produced have become increasingly prominent, has caused the potential safety hazard, great pressure on the environment and economic burden. China has invested a lot of money for research and development of treatment technology of sludge treatment, sludge treatment technology in field of processing has made certain achievements, but due to the lack of effective policies, many conversion rate of sludge treatment technology disposal and contribution rate is far lower than the developed countries, many high-tech actually become " stagnation technology ". Sludge treatment and disposal policy is not perfect and the disposal cost is really implemented, largely influenced the sludge is treated effectively, also will affect the whole sludge treatment and disposal industry development direction.

The relevant policies of two domestic sludge treatment, disposal

1, the sludge treatment and disposal of related policy

Different countries and regions because of their different geographical conditions and the state of the economy, policy and management, disposal of the sludge so is each are not identical, even countries with similar geographical environment, the strategy also has very big difference. The European Union as a whole on the sludge management is successful, the European Union in 1986 to develop the guiding principles of EU agricultural standard of sludge, sludge disposal to the relevant standards and specifications. In June 12, 1986, the EC by the European Parliament " environmental protection, especially the sludge agricultural land protection standards "; in 1992 the EU adopted the " law of EC city wastewater treatment ( 91/271/EC ) ", banned its members to the ocean dumping of sewage sludge. In 1999 the EU has promulgated the EU landfill directive ( European Landfill Directive ). These files are implemented in the great